Microsoft Security Bulletin Coverage for June 2022

SonicWall Capture Labs threat research team has analyzed and addressed Microsoft’s security advisories for the month of June 2022. A list of issues reported, along with SonicWall coverage information, is as follows:

CVE-2022-30147 Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
ASPY 331:Malformed-File dll.MP_8

CVE-2022-30160 Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
ASPY 332:Malformed-File exe.MP_257

CVE-2022-30190 Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
IPS 2771: Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
IPS 2772: Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
IPS 2773: Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
IPS 2774: Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X
GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X_1
GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X_2

The following vulnerabilities do not have exploits in the wild :
CVE-2022-21123 Intel: CVE-2022-21123 Shared Buffer Data Read (SBDR)
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-21125 Intel: CVE-2022-21125 Shared Buffers Data Sampling (SBDS)
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-21127 Intel: CVE-2022-21127 Special Register Buffer Data Sampling Update (SRBDS Update)
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-21166 Intel: CVE-2022-21166 Device Register Partial Write (DRPW)
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-22018 HEVC Video Extensions Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-22021 Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-29111 HEVC Video Extensions Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-29119 HEVC Video Extensions Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-29143 Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-29149 Azure Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30131 Windows Container Isolation FS Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30132 Windows Container Manager Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30135 Windows Media Center Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30136 Windows Network File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30137 Azure Service Fabric Container Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30139 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30140 Windows iSCSI Discovery Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30141 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30142 Windows File History Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30143 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30145 Windows Encrypting File System (EFS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30146 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30148 Windows Desired State Configuration (DSC) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30149 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30150 Windows Defender Remote Credential Guard Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30151 Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30152 Windows Network Address Translation (NAT) Denial of Service Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30153 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30154 Microsoft File Server Shadow Copy Agent Service (RVSS) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30155 Windows Kernel Denial of Service Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30157 Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30158 Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30159 Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30161 Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30162 Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30163 Windows Hyper-V Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30164 Kerberos AppContainer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30165 Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30166 Local Security Authority Subsystem Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30168 Microsoft Photos App Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30171 Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30172 Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30173 Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30174 Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30177 Azure RTOS GUIX Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30178 Azure RTOS GUIX Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30179 Azure RTOS GUIX Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30180 Azure RTOS GUIX Studio Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30184 .NET and Visual Studio Information Disclosure Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30188 HEVC Video Extensions Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30189 Windows Autopilot Device Management and Enrollment Client Spoofing Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-30193 AV1 Video Extension Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.
CVE-2022-32230 Windows SMB Denial of Service Vulnerability
There are no known exploits in the wild.

BEC Attacks: Can You Stop the Imposters in Your Inbox?

If asked which of the threat types tracked by the FBI causes the most financial damage, most people would say ransomware.

They’d be wrong.

In 2021, the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received 19,954 Business Email Compromise (BEC) reports, with adjusted losses totaling almost $2.4 billion. That’s an average of more than $120,270 per incident, compared with just under $13,200 per incident for ransomware attacks.

Since the FBI began tracking these threats in 2013, tens of billions in financial losses have been recorded, resulting from nearly 170,000 incidents in 178 countries.

So why hasn’t this threat risen to the notoriety of ransomware?

During many ransomware attacks, business operations grind to a halt. When a company loses access to customer information, payment systems and mission-critical applications, it often becomes clear in short order that something is wrong.

But BEC attacks are comparatively silent. Even when these attacks have a huge impact on an organization’s bottom line, operations can generally continue as usual. As a result, businesses frequently opt to keep these attacks out of the public eye to avoid risking reputation damage and loss of trust.

But although ransomware still dominates security news, the growing frequency, volume and cost of BEC attacks have begun attracting more attention.

As a result, BEC attacks have become a top threat concern for many organizations today, according to a recent SonicWall-sponsored white paper by Osterman Research. “How to Deal with Business Email Compromise” reports primary research data from an in-depth customer survey of 119 respondents, each of which has direct knowledge of how their organization is addressing or planning to address the risk of BEC.

The results from this study offer a look at how security influencers and decision-makers are taking BEC into account when formulating their spending plans for the next 12 months. For example, while just 46% of organizations said they considered protecting against BEC attacks “important” or “extremely important” 12 months ago, 76% said they considered it important or extremely important today.

Image describing BEC Importance

80%

Organizations indicating that protecting against BEC attacks in 2023 is of high importance

The data also shows that three-fifths of organizations in the study view protecting against BEC attacks as one of their top five security priorities.

62%

Organizations ranking protecting against BEC attacks as one of their top five priorities.

How BEC Attacks Fly Under the Radar

But what makes BEC attacks so dangerous when compared with other forms of cyberattacks? And why are they harder to stop?

BEC is a specialized type of phishing attack that relies on social engineering. They often use a proven pretexting technique to engineer a quick introduction and establish a believable scenario in order to manipulate the victim to take a specific action.

While these attacks can target employees at any level of an organization, they generally start with an attacker impersonating a person with authority, such as a CEO or CFO, a manager, or a supplier. The attacker uses the authority figure’s identity to start a chain of plausible (but fake) requests to gain monetary payment. This typically involves instructing someone in accounts payable, someone in HR or even someone with a company credit card to pay a fake invoice, transfer funds, send gift cards or make payroll payouts. The urgent tone of these messages encourages the victim to respond or act quickly, bypassing any checks and balances that may be in place.

Compared with other forms of cyberattacks, BEC attacks are among the hardest to detect because the threat signals are far less obvious. Relying on trickery and impersonation, the approach is very subtle, and the actual delivery generally doesn’t use weaponized URLs or malicious attachments, which are easily detected.

In addition, the email content and the delivery mechanism are usually of higher quality and often tailored to target a specific person or persons. With little to no apparent sign of a threat, these messages can bypass most email security filters to reach the inbox — and the absence of any sort of alert, such as a contextual warning advising them to exercise caution, leaves the victim more vulnerable to falling for the scam.

Because so many of these scams are successful, their use has grown dramatically — today, roughly 80% of companies targeted by BEC attacks each year. While there isn’t much you can do to avoid being targeted, there’s plenty you can do to safeguard your organization’s finances. To learn more about BEC attacks and how to stop them, check out our webinar, “Can You Stop the Imposters in Your Inbox?

Cybersecurity News & Trends – 06-10-22

Curated stories about cybersecurity news and trends from major news outlets, trade pubs and infosec bloggers.

A fresh batch of articles for SonicWall News surfaced this week from nearly every business sector, plus quotes from SonicWall CEO and President, Bill Conner, and General Director of SonicWall in Iberia, Sergio Martínez. Our biggest problem this week for Industry News was deciding what to leave out. From Forbes, a guide on how to inspire your employees to care about cybersecurity. From Bleeping Computer, ransomware gang Black Basta attacks VMware ESXi servers. Then from the BlackBerry Threat Vector blog, a new Linux malware called “Symbiote” that’s almost impossible to detect. Next, from Dark Reading, the Emotet banking trojan resurfaces—and skates past email security. And finally, a compiled reading from CNNMIT Technology Review, and PC Magazine on Chinese hackers breaking into “major” telecom firms.

As always, click through to the links in the headlines to see the full stories from our sources. And remember, cybersecurity is everyone’s business. Be safe!

SonicWall News

An Update from SonicWall on ICSA Certification

Security Brief (Asia), SonicWall in the News: Ken joins us today to discuss SonicWall’s recent ICSA certification and also current threat detection research that is currently taking place.

How Can Small Businesses Protect Themselves from Cyber Threats?

Insurance Business America, Threat Report Mention: Separate data gathered by cybersecurity firm SonicWall has shown that there were almost 421.5 million ransomware attempts against US businesses in 2021 – a figure that dwarfed that of second-placer Germany, which registered about 34.3 million hits.

An Update From SonicWall On ICSA Certification

Security Brief (Asia), SonicWall news: “Ken joins us today to discuss SonicWall’s recent ICSA certification and also current threat detection research that is currently taking place.”

How Can Small Businesses Protect Themselves from Cyber Threats?

Insurance Business America, Threat Report Mention: Separate data gathered by cybersecurity firm SonicWall has shown that there were almost 421.5 million ransomware attempts against US businesses in 2021 – a figure that dwarfed that of second-placer Germany, which registered about 34.3 million hits.

Why is Ransomware Getting the Better of Us?

Security Boulevard, Threat Report Mention: The ransom crisis is particularly bad in the UK. A SonicWall report found that UK-based organizations faced the second-highest number of ransomware attacks in the world in the first half of 2021. According to SonicWall, ransomware attacks increased by 234% across Europe in that time, while CyberEdge’s 2022 Cyberthreat Defense Report found that 80% of UK organizations had been successfully targeted in the past year.

Special Cloud Security

ComputerWorld CSO (Spain), SonicWall Quote: Sergio Martínez, general director for Iberia at SonicWall, gives his vision, in the gallery Ensuring the availability of information, the pillar of the contingency plan, on new security strategies in a context in which there are more and more devices connected to business networks.

Ransomware Losses, Frequency Increase Rates: Howden

Business Insurance, Threat Report Mention: London-based Howden Broking Group Ltd. said in its report that the annualized number of globalized ransomware incidents was up 235% in 2021 compared with 2019, and average U.S. ransom payments increased by 370% over the same period. It was citing data from San Jose, California-based cybersecurity company SonicWall Inc. and ransomware incident response company Westport, Connecticut-based Coveware Inc.

Contractors Beset by Ransomware Threats Have Too Few Options

Bloomberg Law, Bill Conner Quote: The contracting community is aware of the confusion. Chester Wisniewski at Sophos, Carolyn Crandall at SentinelOne, and Bill Conner at SonicWall all outlined suggestions to Bloomberg Government in a series of interviews. Conner, SonicWall’s president and CEO, said he wants the government to install so-called “cyber czars” at each federal agency to better streamline communication.

SonicWall Recognizes APAC Partners and Distributors at FY2022 Partner Awards

Channel Life (Australia), SonicWall News: SonicWall has recognized its distributors and partners for their efforts in producing the company’s most successful year to date. The recent SonicWall FY2022 Partner Awards recognized companies for their commitment to demonstrating excellence, innovation and leadership in cybersecurity during the fiscal year. They are also thanked for continuing to drive digital transformation for businesses that leverage SonicWall solutions.

Industry News

Inspire Your Employees to Care About Cybersecurity

Forbes: We spent a lot of time talking about how humans are the weak link in cybersecurity. First, let’s recognize that a company’s employees are a significant vulnerability due to the increasing complexity and threat of cybersecurity. With more than 15 billion devices in circulation, including computers, servers and mobile phones operating worldwide—digital fluency and literacy remain challenges in the transforming cybersecurity landscape.

Many functions are performed by devices that we don’t even know about. These functions include tracking and storing location information, saving passwords and sharing information with apps, and listening to our conversations. Today, organizations have greater responsibility for cybersecurity to protect their interests and that of their employees.

It is essential to communicate basic cybersecurity expectations to raise awareness. For example, employees need to be familiarized with complex password requirements, multi-factor authentication (2FA/multi-factor authentication), screen locks, and the importance of keeping current with software updates. Understanding cybersecurity requires that you know the basics.

If your team is not in person, create attention-grabbing graphics that include slogans and statistics about the company’s cybersecurity policies. Then, share the policies by any means throughout the workforce environment. Growing threats means educating employees about cyber threats while taking steps to protect their data.

Black Basta Ransomware Attacks VMware ESXi Servers

Bleeping Computer: Black Basta is the latest ransomware gang that supports encryption of VMware ESXi virtual machine (VM) on enterprise Linux servers. Ransomware groups have been focusing their attacks on ESXi VMs because this strategy aligns with their enterprise targets. They can encrypt multiple servers faster with one command. So it makes sense to encrypt VMs, as many companies recently switched to virtual machines. From purely a business perspective, hackers now have the dual benefits of simpler device management and more efficient resource use.

Linux ransomware encryptions are not new. BleepingComputer has reported similar encryptions by numerous other gangs, including LockBit and HelloKitty, BlackMatter and REvil, AvosLocker and RansomEXXX.

However, Black Basta’s ransomware will search for the /vmfs/volumes containing the virtual machines stored on compromised ESXi server servers. And if no such folders are present, the ransomware exits. Additionally, this encryptor does not have command-line arguments that can target other encryption paths, indicating that it is only designed to target ESXi servers.

Ransomware employs the ChaCha20 algorithm for encrypting files. Additionally, multithreading is used to speed up encryption by using multiple processors.

The ransomware will encrypt encrypted files by adding the .basta extension and creating ransom notes called readme.txt within each folder. Notes include a chat support panel link, which unique ID victims can use to communicate directly with the attackers.

Symbiote — The New Linux Malware That’s Almost Impossible To Detect

BlackBerry ThreatVector Blog: As if Linux’s malware problems couldn’t get any worse, recent reports have revealed that Symbiote is a new type of Linux malware that’s “almost impossible to detect.”

This rootkit-level hack is being called Symbiote by the research team, which includes lead members from Intezer and BlackBerry. It has the parasitic ability to act like a shared object (SO) and loads on all processes via LD_PRELOAD native function. This is why it’s so terrible.

Researchers say the shared object library “parasitically compromises” a target machine. Once its claws are embedded deep in the system, malware gives attackers rootkit functionality.

Researchers discovered the first sample in November 2021. It appears that it was created to attack Latin American financial institutions. Researchers aren’t sure if Symbiote has been used in broad or targeted attacks because it is still new malware. However, Symbiote is full of interesting features. The malware employs Berkeley Packet Filter hooking (BPF), a function that hides malicious traffic from infected machines. BPF is also used in malware created by Equation Group. BPF bytecode can be injected into the kernel to determine which packets are captured. Administrators use BPF to start any packet capture software on infected machines. Symbiote then adds its own bytecode to the kernel to filter out any network traffic it does not want the packet-capturing program to see.

Symbiote can facilitate everything, from data scrapes to backdoors. Hackers can use Symbiote to stealthily harvest credential information from hacked Linux devices by hooking the “libcread” function. This is an important mission for targeting Linux servers in high-value networks. Hackers can gain unimpeded lateral movement and unlimited access by stealing administrator account credentials. Symbiote allows remote SHH access for its operators via the PAM service. It also allows the threat actor or a hacker to gain root privileges.

Many IT and cybersecurity bloggers have reported on this story. Keep an eye out for new developments.

Emotet Banking Trojan Resurfaces, Skates Past Email Security

Dark Reading: After being taken down by a joint international task force in January 2020, the malware botnet Emotet is back in an advanced form. The Emotet malware was a prolific threat during the pandemic. It originated as a trojan for banks in 2014. Its creators were the first to offer malware-as-a-service (MaaS) to criminal organizations.

Although it still uses many of the same attack methods it used in the past, Emotet has seen a rise in its ability to collect and use stolen credentials. According to the report, hackers can use these stolen credentials to distribute malware binaries. In addition, attackers are using hijacked email threads to use those accounts as a launch pad and trick victims into activating macros in attached malicious office documents.

Emotet also uses 64-bit shell code, advanced PowerShell and more advanced active scripts. Nearly a fifth of malicious samples exploits the 2017 Microsoft vulnerability CVE-2018-11882.

The attacks were mainly focused on Japan’s victims, but the focus has shifted to targets in the United States of America and Italy since March.

Chinese Hackers Breach “Major” Telecom Firms

Compiled Reading: The report is compiled from multiple sources offering a slightly different perspective: CNNMIT Technology Review, and PCMagazine.

First, CNN’s headline: Chinese government-backed hackers have breached major telecommunications companies, among other targets, the US CISA warned this week. Cyber defenders often overlook these devices as they struggle to keep up with the routine software patching of Internet services and endpoint devices. CISA, FBI, and NSA did not identify the hackers; the advisory appears to focus on getting organizations aligned on security measures and updating their software and equipment. CNN named devices manufactured by Cisco, Fortinet, or other vendors.

MIT Technology Review included Netgear and Citrix security vendors. All vulnerabilities were publicly known, including a five-year-old critical flaw in Netgear equipment that allows attackers to bypass authentication checks to execute any code they want. This will enable them to take over the entire device and gain unrestricted access to the victim’s network. MIT says the campaign’s success shows how dangerous software flaws can be even after being made public. Zero-day attacks—hacks exploiting previously unknown weaknesses—pack a punch and demand our full attention. Plus, known flaws are still dangerous because it can be hard to update and secure networks and devices with limited resources, personnel and money.

PCMagazine stated that the vulnerabilities allowed actors to access victim accounts via publicly available exploit codes against VPN services and public-facing applications without using any unique or identifying malware.

In Case You Missed It

SonicWall CEO Bill Conner Selected as SC Media Excellence Award Finalist – Bret Fitzgerald

Cybersecurity in the Fifth Industrial Revolution – Ray Wyman

What is Cryptojacking, and how does it affect your Cybersecurity? – Ray Wyman

Why Healthcare Must Do More (and Do Better) to Ensure Patient Safety – Ken Dang

SonicWall Recognizes Partners, Distributors for Outstanding Performance in 2021 – Terry Greer-King

Anti-Ransomware Day: What Can We Do to Prevent the Next WannaCry? – Amber Wolff

CRN Recognizes Three SonicWall Employees on 2022 Women of the Channel List – Bret Fitzgerald

Enjoy the Speed and Safety of TLS 1.3 Support – Amber Wolff

Four Cybersecurity Actions to Lock it All Down – Ray Wyman

Understanding the MITRE ATT&CK Framework and Evaluations – Part 2 – Suroop Chandran

Five Times Flawless: SonicWall Earns Its Fifth Perfect Score from ICSA Labs – Amber Wolff

NSv Virtual Firewall: Tested and Certified in AWS Public Cloud – Ajay Uggirala

How SonicWall’s Supply-Chain Strategies Are Slicing Wait Times – Amber Wolff

SonicWall SMA 1000 Series Earns Best-Of Enterprise VPNs Award from Expert Insights – Bret Fitzgerald

World Backup Day: Because Real Life Can Have Save Points Too – Amber Wolff

CRN Honors SonicWall With 5-Star Rating in 2022 Partner Program Guide – Bret Fitzgerald

Cyberattacks on Government Skyrocketed in 2021 – Amber Wolff

Meeting the Cybersecurity Needs of the Hybrid Workforce – Ray Wyman

Third-Party ICSA Testing – Perfect Score Number 4 – Kayvon Sadeghi

Ransomware is Everywhere – Amber Wolff

Shields Up: Preparing for Cyberattacks During Ukraine Crisis – Aria Eslambolchizadeh

Atlassian Confluence OGNL Vulnerability

Overview:

  SonicWall Capture Labs Threat Research Team has observed the following threat:

  Atlassian Confluence is a collaboration platform that allows you to build a knowledge base for documentation, product requirements, create, collaborate, comment on pages, project plans, share information between teams, and the entire company. It is written primarily in Java and runs on a bundled Apache Tomcat application server.

  An OGNL injection has been reported in the Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation leading to OGNL evaluation of user-supplied input.

  A remote, unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the target server. Successful exploitation can result in remote code execution under the security context of the affected server.

  Vendor Homepage

CVE Reference:

  This vulnerability has been assigned the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2022-26134.

  CVE Listing

Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS):

  The overall CVSS score is 9.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C).

  Base score is 10.0 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), based on the following metrics:
    • Attack vector is network.
    • Attack complexity is low.
    • Privileges required is none.
    • User interaction is none.
    • Scope is changed.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data confidentiality is high.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data integrity is high.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data availability is high.
  Temporal score is 9.3 (E:F/RL:O/RC:C), based on the following metrics:
    • The exploit code maturity level of this vulnerability is functional.
    • The remediation level of this vulnerability is official fix.
    • The report confidence level of this vulnerability is confirmed.

  CVSS Calculator Metrics

Technical Overview:

  Confluence uses the Webwork web application framework to map URLs to Java classes, creating what is known as an “action”. Action URLs end with the “.action” suffix and are defined in the xwork.xml file in confluence-.jar and in the atlassian-plugin.xml file in JAR files of included plugins.

  Each action entry contains at least a name attribute, defining the action name, a class attribute, defining the Java class implementing the action, and at least one result element which decides the Velocity template to render after the action is invoked based on the result of the action. Common return values from actions are “error”, “input”, and “success”, but any value may be used as long as there is a matching result element in the associated XWork XML.

  Action entries can contain a method attribute, which allows invocation of a specific method of the specified Java class. When no command is specified, the doDefault() method of the action class is called.

  The following is a sample action entry for the doenterpagevariables action:

  In the above example, the doEnter() method of the com.atlassian.confluence.pages.actions.PageVariablesAction class handles requests to “doenterpagevariables.action” and will return values such as “success”, “input”, or “error”, resulting in the appropriate velocity template being rendered. Request-URI paths that end in a slash are set to use “index.action”.

  The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user input that is evaluated during Result calculation. As part of action processing, the action namespace is parsed from the Request-URI path from the start until the last slash. When processing the result of a request in the result class ActionChainResult, the namespace is checked for OGNL expressions and evaluated if found. A remote, unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request with an OGNL expression in the Request-URI to the target server.

Triggering the Problem:

  • The target must have the vulnerable software installed and running.
  • The attacker must have network connectivity to the target service.

Triggering Conditions:

  The attacker sends a malicious HTTP request to the target server with a malicious Request-URI path. The vulnerability is triggered while processing the request.

Attack Delivery:

  The following application protocols can be used to deliver an attack that exploits this vulnerability:
    • HTTP
    • HTTPS

SonicWall’s, (IPS) Intrusion Prevention System, provides protection against this threat:

  • IPS: 2801 Confluence Server and Data Center OGNL Injection RCE 1
  • IPS: 2804 Confluence Server and Data Center OGNL Injection RCE 2
  • IPS: 2806 Confluence Server and Data Center OGNL Injection RCE 3
  • IPS: 2809 Confluence Server and Data Center OGNL Injection RCE 4
  • IPS: 2813 Confluence Server and Data Center OGNL Injection RCE 5

Remediation Details:

  The risks posed by this vulnerability can be mitigated or eliminated by:
    • Upgrading the product to a non-vulnerable version.
    • Detect and filter malicious traffic using the signatures above.
  The vendor has released the following advisory regarding this vulnerability:
  Vendor Advisory

A look at TeamTNT's latest variant being actively used in the wild

The SonicWall Capture Labs threat research team analyzed the latest cryptomining and infostealing Trojan from a well-known malware group called TeamTNT. They are known to target vulnerable *nix systems and would deploy cryptominer and a myriad of other tools for reconnaissance and infostealing.

Infection Cycle:

The sample comes as a bash script. To establish a clean slate, upon execution it calls a function that will find, kill and remove all running cryptomining services.

Also while getting rid of cryptominers, it adds another bash script as a lock file which when executed will echo and read “Forbidden Action!!! TeamTNT is watching you.”

It then sets up its own cryptominer by downloading and installing XMrig, an open source Monero miner.

Upon setup and execution of the cryptominer, a TeamTNT-branded greeting is shown.

It then runs another function called makesshaxx to set up SSH key which then allows TeamTNT to securely access the victim machine over an unsecured network.

It then deploys an open source rootkit called Diamorphine which it uses to hide itself.

It begins as a base64 encoded tar file.

Which is then decoded, decompressed, built and installed.

And then finally executed by running the command “insmod diamorphine.ko

It also locks up the system and ensures full control by deleting cronjobs and locking cron.

It also redirects standard output and errors to null when the victim tries to shutdown or reboot the system.

And finally it has a function that uses another open source tool called, punk.py which is an SSH post-exploitation tool that is used to collect usernames, ssh keys and known hosts from a unix system, then tries to connect via ssh to all the combinations found.

The python script is hidden as a base64 encoded value.

But once decoded reveals the punk.py tool.

Sonicwall Capture Labs provides protection against this threat via the following signatures:

  • GAV: Coinminer.AIY (Trojan)
  • GAV: XMRig.XMR_13 (Trojan)

This threat is also detected by Sonicwall Capture ATP w/RTDMI and the Capture Client endpoint solutions.

Cybersecurity News & Trends – 06-03-22

Read a curated collection of stories about cybersecurity news and trends from major outlets, trade journals, and infosec bloggers.

We found another crop of articles for SonicWall news, with one from Financial Times that reasons the best defense can be identifying vulnerabilities and “blocking digital assault pathways.” And in another article, Insurance Business America wonders how small businesses can protect themselves from cyber threats. Both use SonicWall’s 2022 Cyber Threat Report and are good reads for anyone tracking solid ideas and solutions. It was another week of dizzying details from Industry News, starting with a story from Politico about why politicians’ phones are getting hacked. Next is from Krebs on Security with additional information from Dark Reading about the pawn game between Costa Rica, Hive, Conti, and US sanctions. Next is a story from CNN detailing a confession from US Cyber Command: yes, they have been hacking Russian assets. And another story is about Chinese hackers exploiting new Microsoft vulnerabilities reported by The Verge and Tech Crunch. Finally, from Bleeping Computer, a story about a ransomware group that’s added a new twist: they’re going public by putting the ransom note on your website.

As always, click through to the links in the headlines to see the full stories from our sources. And remember, cybersecurity is everyone’s business. Be safe!

SonicWall News

SonicWall Honors Its Partners and Distributors Who Achieved Outstanding Lines In 2021

IT Reseller (Deut), SonicWall in the News: Cybersecurity specialist SonicWall has honored its most important partners and distributors of 2021. The SonicWall FY2022 Security Awards are awarded to one partner per region and, according to the manufacturer, are based on various factors such as annual sales, portfolio distribution, online activities, project success rate, certification level, the degree of commitment and feedback from their team.

GCHQ Advisor: It’s A Cyberarms Race as Ransomware Builder Emerges

IT Supply Chain (UK), Bill Conner quote: It’s an arms race, because as good as we’ve gotten, the bad guys have gotten even better and more efficient in their threat- actually moving at a faster pace than, than we can defend right now. The bad guys have gotten more sophisticated tools that enable smarter ways to store stock – for example in the cloud and around the world in multiple places.

SonicWall Celebrates Multiple Award Wins, Amidst Outstanding Business Performance in Asia-Pacific

CXOToday, Threat Report Mention: SonicWall today announced that the company has been awarded several prestigious awards on top of its growing list of accolades. SonicWall’s consistent track record and recognition by cybersecurity industry experts over the last few years is a testament to the vision, commitment and innovative spirit of its employees, leaders and partners to continuously deliver value to customers by way of optimizing business efficiencies and enhancing security.

Cyber Attackers: If You Can’t Stop Them, Disrupt Them

Financial Times, Threat Report Mention: Companies in all industries have been targeted. Data from SonicWall show a 105 per cent rise in ransomware attacks in 2021.

How To Ensure the Security of Company Data?

RCN Radio (Colombia), Threat Report mention: According to SonicWall’s 2022 Cyber Threat Report, in 2021 there were more than 623 million ransomware attacks worldwide. And Colombia, with more than 11 million threats detected in that year, is in the top 10 of the most attacked countries worldwide.

Meteoric Rise: Triangle Cybersecurity Startup JupiterOne Reaches ‘Unicorn’ Status With $70M Cash Injection

WRAL.com, Threat Report Mention: Governments worldwide saw a 1,885% increase in ransomware attacks in 2021, according to the 2022 Cyber Threat Report recently released by SonicWall, an internet cybersecurity company. Ransomware also rose 104% in North America, just under the 105% average increase worldwide, according to the report.

An Update from SonicWall on ICSA Certification

Security Brief (Asia), SonicWall in the News: Ken joins us today to discuss SonicWall’s recent ICSA certification and also current threat detection research that is currently taking place.

How Can Small Businesses Protect Themselves from Cyber Threats?

Insurance Business America, Threat Report Mention: Separate data gathered by cybersecurity firm SonicWall has shown that there were almost 421.5 million ransomware attempts against US businesses in 2021 – a figure that dwarfed that of second-placer Germany, which registered about 34.3 million hits.

Industry News

Why We Expect More Hacking on Politicians’ Phones – HINT: It’s Politics

Politico: Government officials all over the globe are facing a hard truth: They will have to accept spyware infecting their devices because they don’t want to ban the technology.

Numerous government officials have had their phones hacked over the past few years. These include Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and French President Emmanuel Macron. Staffers for Boris Johnson, British Prime Minister, and the EU’s justice commissary. There are also at least nine US diplomats.

Here’s the truth: many governments use the same spyware used against them—the tool of choice: Pegasus software by the Israeli company NSO Group. Pegasus has proven effective in pursuing terrorists planning attacks or pedophiles. Investigators have used tools like Pegasus to catch highly sought criminals such as Joaquin “El Chapo,” a well-known drug lord.

Pegasus can infect the target’s device and allow government agencies or organizations to access personal information, including (but not limited to) turning on microphones and cameras. As a result, anti-spyware activists have asked governments to ban spyware companies or at the very least regulate them. The United Nations Human Rights Office also called for governments to regulate the sale and use of spyware technology last year.

There are no international agreements restricting spyware. Even governments that ban Pegasus face the problem of other, less visible and more regulated spyware companies. As a result, officials are forced to use low-tech methods of protection with varying degrees of effectiveness.

And on it goes.

Costa Rica Pawned by Conti Ransomware Group’s bid to Rebrand and Evade Sanctions

Krebs on Security: The Russian ransomware group Hive hacked Costa Rica’s national healthcare system earlier this week. This intrusion occurred just weeks after Rodrigo Chaves, the Costa Rican president, declared a state emergency to address a ransomware attack by Conti. Cybersecurity experts say that there are good reasons to believe that the same cybercriminals are behind both attacks. Apparently, Hive helped Conti rebrand and avoid international sanctions designed to target ransomware payments to Russian hacker gangs.

Local media reported the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS) as being taken offline on May 31. However, the extent of the breach is still unknown. The CCSS oversees Costa Rica’s public healthcare sector. Worker and employer contributions are required by law.

The Dark Reading newsletter reports ransomware hackers sanctioned in the United States have learned how to rebrand their software and avoid the sanctions. This is a strategy to make victims pay more. Example: The Evil Corp gang was already subject to sanctions when the Department announced that it was responsible in part for a ransomware strain called WastedLocker. Evil Corp quickly stopped using WastedLocker software and created variants with different names and graphics. These ransomware variants were the most popular in the last two years. However, it was not always clear if Evil Corp was behind them.

Microsoft Disallows Iran-Linked Hacker Groups Targeting Israeli Companies

The Jerusalem Post: Microsoft’s Threat Intelligence Centre (MSTIC) detected that an Iran-linked hacking group was using their OneDrive cloud storage platform to command and control (C2) purposes. The hacking group was identified as “Polonium” and found to be targeting more than 20 Israeli companies and one intergovernmental organization with operations in Lebanon.

MSTIC assessed the group’s location and observed them creating and using legitimate OneDrive accounts, then utilizing those accounts to execute part of their attack operation.

Microsoft noted that the activity does not represent a vulnerability or cybersecurity issue on the OneDrive platform. However, Microsoft added that it has deployed security intelligence updates that will “quarantine” tools developed by Polonium operators. The story goes on to report that as part of their enforcement process, MSTIC suspended more than 20 malicious OneDrive applications.

US Confirms That Military Hackers Conducted Cyber Operations to Support Ukraine

CNN: The US Cyber Command made a rare public acknowledgment about hacking operations often shrouded in mystery. The hacking unit of the US military conducted cyber operations to support Ukraine in its defense against Russia’s invasion. Cyber Command admitted that they had conducted operations across all facets of the spectrum, including offensive, defensive and information operations.

This disclosure highlights how crucial projecting cyber power – to support Ukraine’s defenses and possibly deter Russia from conducting cyberattacks on US infrastructure – is to the Biden administration. This admission suggests that the Biden administration is comfortable in cyberspace and can counter Russia without fear of escalation. So long as the US and its allies don’t attack Russia, President Joe Biden has promised not to engage with Russia militarily in the Ukraine war.

This is the fullest example of foreign relations brinksmanship.

Chinese Company Accused NSA Hacking Has Global Ambitions

Washington Post: The US government and American cybersecurity firms have long claimed that China is responsible for brazen hacks that absconded troves worth of sensitive documents. Chinese officials denied the allegations and accused the US repeatedly of cyber-espionage without providing any evidence. In February, a well-connected Chinese cybersecurity company made public what it claimed to be a US National Security Agency campaign targeting computers in 45 countries and areas, including China. At the time, US officials did not respond to inquiries for comment.

This disclosure suggests that China takes a firmer stance against foreign hacking attempts. It also revealed the increasing influence of Qi An Xin Technology Group Inc., a Chinese technology company established in 2014 with ambitions to become a global cybersecurity leader.

The company’s headquarters are located a 10-minute drive from the Forbidden city. They have been part of a three-year plan to grow China’s cybersecurity sector to more than 250 billion Yuan ($39.3B) by 2023. This plan involves increasing investment in the industry and simplifying regulation.

China-Linked Hackers Exploit a New Vulnerability Within Microsoft Office

The Verge: According to threat analysis research by security firm Proofpoint, hackers are already exploiting a newly discovered Microsoft Office vulnerability.

TechCrunch also shared details about how a hacker group called TA413 used the “Follina” vulnerability to create malicious Word documents that purportedly were sent from the Central Tibetan Administration. This is the Tibetan government exiled in Dharamsala in India. The TA413 APT (a designation for “advanced persistent danger”) actor is believed to be connected to the Chinese government. It has previously been used to target the Tibetan exile community.

On May 27, Nao Sec, a security research group, first highlighted Microsoft Word’s vulnerability. They took to Twitter to share a sample they had submitted to the online malware scanner VirusTotal. Nao Sec reported that hackers delivered the malicious code via Microsoft Word documents. The files then executed PowerShell commands, a powerful tool for Windows system administration.

Chinese hackers have used security holes in the software to target Tibetans over the years. Citizen Lab published a report in 2019 that documented widespread targeting of Tibetan politicians with spyware. This included Android browser exploits as well as malicious links sent via WhatsApp. Proofpoint analysis has shown that browser extensions also spy on Tibetan activists.

Ransomware Gang Now Hacks Corporate Websites to Show Ransom Notes

Bleeping Computer: Ransomware gangs are taking extortion to new heights by hacking corporate websites and publicly displaying ransom notes.

Reporters identify Industrial Spy as the new extortion gang behind this new strategy. The group follows the usual expected process of deploying ransomware in their attacks to breach networks, steal data, and deploy malware on devices. The threat actors then threaten to sell the stolen data on their Tor marketplace if a ransom is not paid. In one case, the group is now selling data they claim was stolen by a French company called SATT Sud-Est for $500,000-USD.

The new bent to the crime is that the group found a way to hack into the company’s website, vandalized the home page with a message warning that 200GB of data had been stolen. Of course, if the victim doesn’t pay the ransom, the attackers are ready to sell the data. And then there’s the public disclosure for added measure.

In Case You Missed It

SonicWall CEO Bill Conner Selected as SC Media Excellence Award Finalist – Bret Fitzgerald

Cybersecurity in the Fifth Industrial Revolution – Ray Wyman

What is Cryptojacking, and how does it affect your Cybersecurity? – Ray Wyman

Why Healthcare Must Do More (and Do Better) to Ensure Patient Safety – Ken Dang

SonicWall Recognizes Partners, Distributors for Outstanding Performance in 2021 – Terry Greer-King

Anti-Ransomware Day: What Can We Do to Prevent the Next WannaCry? – Amber Wolff

CRN Recognizes Three SonicWall Employees on 2022 Women of the Channel List – Bret Fitzgerald

Enjoy the Speed and Safety of TLS 1.3 Support – Amber Wolff

Four Cybersecurity Actions to Lock it All Down – Ray Wyman

Understanding the MITRE ATT&CK Framework and Evaluations – Part 2 – Suroop Chandran

Five Times Flawless: SonicWall Earns Its Fifth Perfect Score from ICSA Labs – Amber Wolff

NSv Virtual Firewall: Tested and Certified in AWS Public Cloud – Ajay Uggirala

How SonicWall’s Supply-Chain Strategies Are Slicing Wait Times – Amber Wolff

SonicWall SMA 1000 Series Earns Best-Of Enterprise VPNs Award from Expert Insights – Bret Fitzgerald

World Backup Day: Because Real Life Can Have Save Points Too – Amber Wolff

CRN Honors SonicWall With 5-Star Rating in 2022 Partner Program Guide – Bret Fitzgerald

Cyberattacks on Government Skyrocketed in 2021 – Amber Wolff

Meeting the Cybersecurity Needs of the Hybrid Workforce – Ray Wyman

Third-Party ICSA Testing – Perfect Score Number 4 – Kayvon Sadeghi

Ransomware is Everywhere – Amber Wolff

Shields Up: Preparing for Cyberattacks During Ukraine Crisis – Aria Eslambolchizadeh

Follina MS-MSDT RCE Vulnerability

Overview:

  SonicWall Capture Labs Threat Research Team has observed the following threat:

  CVE-2022-30190 a.k.a Follina, The Microsoft Office zero-day vulnerability allows applications like Microsoft Word to execute code (without macros) by calling MSDT (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool) routines using the “ms-msdt:/” protocol. It was noticed as a zero-day being exploited in the wild, but was first mentioned in 2020 in a rather interesting Bachelor’s Thesis by Benjamin Altpeter August 01st, 2020.

  The text (Bachelor’s Thesis) contains other ways to execute code via MS Protocol in Word, using templates, which still work today. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application.

  Bachelor’s Thesis & MSDT

CVE Reference:

  This vulnerability has been assigned the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2022-30190.

  CVE Listing

Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS):

  The overall CVSS score is 7.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:T/RC:C).

  Base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/), based on the following metrics:
    • Attack vector is local.
    • Attack complexity is low.
    • Privileges required is none.
    • User interaction is required.
    • Scope is unchanged.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data confidentiality is high.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data integrity is high.
    • Impact of this vulnerability on data availability is high.
  Temporal score is 7.3 (E:F/RL:T/RC:C), based on the following metrics:
    • The exploit code maturity level of this vulnerability is functional.
    • The remediation level of this vulnerability is temporary fix.
    • The report confidence level of this vulnerability is confirmed.

  CVSS Calculator Metrics

Technical Overview:

  The exploit works as follows: The user opens a non-malicious Microsoft Office file (Word, Excel, RTF, …) referencing a malicious remote HTML template file. The remote file is downloaded and the embedded payload is executed, containing code to abuse the ms-msdt protocol, and invoke actions on the compromised host. Look at “Target=” search “RDF842” below:

  
  The host, www[.]xmlformats[.]com, will be visited when you open the document (and activate the content). The following payload will be fetched:

  
  Analyzing the right side of the variable “windows.location.href”. The protocol “ms-msdt:/“ is being used. MSDT (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool) or msdt.exe is a tool provided by Microsoft that will collect information to send to Microsoft Support. Microsoft Office will automatically process the MSDT query and execute the payload. The Base64 encoding from above contains the following:

  

  IOC: 4a24048f81afbe9fb62e7a6a49adbd1faf41f266b5f9feecdceb567aec096784.

Triggering the Problem:

  • The target system must have the vulnerable Microsoft Office application installed and running.
  • The attacker must have network connectivity to the affected ports.
  • The vulnerability does not work with older Microsoft Office versions.

Triggering Conditions:

  The attacker sends a generated clickme.docx (or clickme.rtf) payload to the victim by www/exploit.html. The vulnerability is triggered when the user clicks on the file.

Attack Delivery:

  The following application protocols can be used to deliver an attack that exploits this vulnerability:
    • HTTP
    • HTTPS
    • SMTP
    • POP3
    • IMAP

SonicWall, provides the following protection against this threat:

  This threat is proactively detected by Capture ATP w/RTDMI.

  • IPS: 2771 Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
  • IPS: 2772 Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
  • IPS: 2773 Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
  • IPS: 2774 Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool RCE (Follina)
  • GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X
  • GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X_1
  • GAV: CVE-2022-30190.X_2

Remediation Details:

  The risks posed by this vulnerability can be mitigated or eliminated by:
    • Updating to a non-vulnerable version of the product or apply the vendor supplied patch.
    • Filtering attack traffic using the signatures above.
    • Follow the Microsoft Guidance for CVE-2022-30190 below.
  The vendor has released the following patch regarding this vulnerability:
  Vendor Advisory #1 & Vendor Advisory #2