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Capturing the World’s Latest Malware so You Can Fear Less

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If anyone ever needs proof on how effective SonicWall Capture Labs is, look back to the WannaCry ransomware attack in May 2017, and just last week the NotPetya malware. In contrast to over 250,000 endpoints compromised in over 150 countries, SonicWall customers with active security subscriptions were largely unaffected.

Why were they unaffected?

Our customers were protected because SonicWall had identified and created signatures for all exploits of the SMB vulnerability, as well as early versions of WannaCry, weeks in advance. Any of our customers with active Gateway Anti-virus and Intrusion Prevention System (GAV/IPS) services received those signatures automatically, and thereby blocked this ransomware variant and the worm that spread it across the globe. This was possible because SonicWall Capture Labs gathers millions of samples of malware in order to protect our customers from the latest threats.

In 2016, SonicWall’s Capture Labs Threat Research processed over 60 million unique pieces of malware that were previously unknown to us.  This included versions of polymorphic malware, newly developed malicious code and zero-day attacks. The result of this work created countless signatures and other countermeasures that protected our customers from the latest attacks across our product portfolio.

So where does SonicWall get all of these malware samples?

With over 1 million sensors placed around the world, our Capture Labs Research Team receives the largest amount of data from real customer traffic. Our SonicWall Capture Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) Service is a network sandbox that runs suspicious code to find unknown malicious code. Business networks will encounter an average of 28 new, zero-day versions of malware over a calendar year, Capture ATP is designed specifically to prevent this.

In addition, SonicWall participate in numerous industry collaboration efforts such as the Microsoft MAPP program so our researchers receive new verified threats before the public. We also actively engage in numerous international threat research communities and freelance researchers so our in-house team possesses samples of uncommon attacks and vulnerabilities.

Read this eBook to learn how to protect against ransomware with a multi-layer threat elimination chain to stop known and discover unknown malicious code targeting your organization.

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Ransomware: Are You Protected From the Next Outbreak?

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Will you be ransomware’s next victim? Can ransomware encrypt your data and hold it hostage until you pay a ransom?

Organizations large and small across industries and around the globe are at risk of a ransomware attack. The media mostly reports attacks at large institutions, such as the Hollywood Hospital that suffered over a week offline in 2016 after a ransomware attack encrypted files and demanded ransom to decrypt the data. However, small businesses are affected also. In fact, Kaspersky research reported that small and medium-size businesses were hit the hardest, 42 percent of them falling victim to a ransomware attack over a 12-month period. Of those, one in three paid the ransom, but one in five never got their files back, despite paying. Whether you are part of a large organization or a small business, you are at risk.

The recent WannaCry ransomware attack was the largest ransomware campaign ever. In the course of a weekend, WannaCry spread to over 250,000 computers in 150 countries, crippling operations at hospitals, telecom providers, utility companies, and other businesses around the globe.

Once primarily an issue for Windows desktops, ransomware attacks have now occurred across many device types and operating systems, including KeRanger, a ransomware variant that emerged in 2016 that targeted Apple OS X. This variant was hidden in a compromised version of the Transmission BitTorrent client and affected about 6,500 computers within a day and a half.

These attacks often start with an internet file download or email attachment that seems innocuous but actually is hiding malware that encrypts files. End user productivity grinds to a halt and your help desk lights up. Worse, your business can suffer both financially and also from damage to your reputation.

Can your security solutions protect from this threat? Maybe. Legacy security technologies are often signature based, great for detecting “known” malware, but ineffective against “unknown” or zero-day attacks. To better detect unknown threats, security professionals are adding an additional layer of security and deploying advanced threat detection technologies, such as network sandboxes specifically SonicWall Capture ATP, that analyze the behavior of suspicious files and uncover hidden malware. To learn more about what it takes to keep malicious code out of your network, read our whitepaper: Why Network Sandboxing is Required to Stop Ransomware.

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Ransomware-as-a-Service RaaS is the New Normal

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Business models always have to tackle the method of distribution, will they sell directly or through a channel of distributors or a mix of both. The same is with ransomware developers. Many are electing to take their successful code and sell it as a kit, which eliminates many risks and the hard work of distribution all the while collecting a cut of the prize.

Throughout the past year, and even until the large-scale WannaCry attacks, floating between the peaks of the infamous events are small focused attacks en masse from rebranded exploit kits. In the past quarter, we have discovered a mix of developer hobby/chaos-malware, rebranded ransomware, and repackaged RaaS ransomware.

  • Trumplocker
  • AlmaLocker
  • Jigsaw
  • Lambda
  • Derialock
  • Shade
  • Popcorn

Recently, one author showed how easy it is to launch a ransomware attack within an hour… with zero hacking skills. So what does this mean to an organization like yours? Should this scare you? Simply put, attacks from more sources equals more attacks but SonicWall has your back.

First off, organizations can have the front-line protection of our award-winning multi-engine network sandbox, SonicWall Capture Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) Service. Capture ATP automatically takes suspicious code at the gateway of your network, and runs it in three parallel engines (and counting) to see what it wants to do from the application, to the OS, to the software that resides on the hardware. We find the newest ransomware families and updates this way.

Secondly, our Capture Labs research team catches many new variants of ransomware and malware in multiple ways as well as from a multitude of external sources. Once new ransomware families are found (either from Capture ATP, a honeypot, or another Capture Labs source), the intelligence is cross-pollinated to the rest of the SonicWall portfolio of security products.

Lastly, organizations can expect to be hit by a wide range of ransomware attacks and should ensure they have a good backup policy and focus on awareness training.

To learn more, watch this video to see how SonicWall stops ransomware:

SonicWall Protects Customers from the Latest Massive WannaCry Ransomware Attack

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Note: This blog was updated on Monday, May 15.

First, if you are a SonicWall customer and you are using our Gateway Anti-Virus, Intrusion Prevention service, and Capture Advanced Threat Protection then your SonicWall firewall has been protecting your network from WannaCry ransomware and the worm that spreads it since 17 April, 2017. Since the release of the first version of the code, we have identified several new variants and have released additional counter measures. We will continue to update this blog as our Capture Labs research team uncovers more information and as additional protection is automatically rolled out to our customers’ firewalls.

Here’s more:

The Attack

This massive ransomware attack became infamous by shutting down a number of hospitals in the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) system and thus preventing patients from receiving critical care. The attack hit over 100 countries across the world with an untold number of victims. WannaCry is a combination of a Trojan/ransomware and a worm that leverages an SMB file sharing protocol exploit named EternalBlue. The Shadow Brokers leaked EternalBlue in April 2017 as part of a bigger dump of NSA developed exploits. This exploit affects various versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems, including a number of versions that are in end-of-life status. Although Microsoft released a large number of patches on March 14 to address this vulnerability, the attack remains dangerous as many organizations have not applied the patch.

The first version of the worm/ransomware package had a kill switch that was accidently used to disable the worm feature which slowed its advance on Friday, 12 May 2017. However, new variants are appearing in the wild without this weakness. While the first version of the worm code can no longer spread the ransomware code, systems encrypted by WannaCry 1.0 will remain encrypted. Unfortunately, there is no known decryption method to recover files affected by WannaCry without paying cyber criminals (which is not advised).

Since Friday, 12 May 2017, SonicWall’s Capture Labs released six new signatures to block all known versions of WannaCry.  It is also worth noting that SonicWall security services on the firewall have built-in protections against the many components of this code, ranging from blocking contact with WannaCry Command and Control (C&C) servers to blocking attempts at exploitation of any unpatched SMB Microsoft vulnerabilities (such as EternalBlue).

WannaCry Ransomware

The Protection

SonicWall Capture Labs analyzed the EternalBlue attack in mid-April immediately after the Shadow Brokers file dump and rolled out protection for all SonicWall firewall customers well in advance of the first public attack.  All known versions of this exploit can be blocked from SonicWall protected networks via active next-generation firewall security services.

As a SonicWall customer, ensure that your next-generation firewall has an active Gateway Security subscription to receive automatic real-time protection from known ransomware attacks such as WannaCry. Gateway Security includes Gateway Anti-virus (GAV), Intrusion Prevention (IPS), Botnet Filtering, and Application Control. This set of technology has signatures against WannaCry (part of GAV), protections against vulnerabilities outlined in Microsoft’s security bulletin MS17-010 (part of IPS), and it blocks communication with the C&C servers where WannaCry’s payload comes from (part of botnet filtering).

Since SonicWall Email Security uses the same signatures/definitions as Gateway Security, we can effectively block the emails that deliver the initial route to infection. Ensure all email security services are also up to date to block malicious emails.  Since 65% of all ransomware attacks happen through phishing emails, this needs to be a major focus when giving security awareness training. Additionally, customers with SonicWall Content Filtering Service should activate it to block communication with malicious URLs and domains, which works in a similar way Botnet filtering disrupts C&C communication.

As a best practice always deploy Deep Packet Inspection of all SSL/TLS (DPI-SSL) traffic since more than 50% of malware is encrypted. This will enable your SonicWall security services to identify and block all known ransomware attacks. Enabling DPI-SSL also allows the firewall to examine and send unknown files to SonicWall Capture Advanced Threat Protection for multi-engine processing to discover and stop unknown ransomware variants.

View our webpage to learn more on how SonicWall protects against ransomware.

WannaCrypt Signatures

The most recent list of GAV/IPS signatures against EternalBlue and WannaCrypt as of 14 May 2017 at 11:45 AM PST

What’s Next

The party behind this attack has already released several variations of this attack for which we have established protections in place (see above). To ensure you are safe from newly developed updates and similar copycat attacks, first apply the Windows patch provided by Microsoft listed in the resources section.  Second, apply Capture Advanced Threat Protection (Capture ATP), SonicWall’s multi-engine network sandbox, to examine suspicious files coming into your network to discover and stop the latest threats just as we did with Cerber ransomware. Enable the service’s block until verdict feature to analyze all files at the gateway to eliminate malware before it can enter your network. Additionally, Capture Labs will continue to email customers Sonic Alerts on new threats.

Finally, phishing emails are the most common delivery mechanism for ransomware. It is possible that future variants of this ransomware will be delivered via emails. SonicWall’s email security solution uses Advanced Reputation Management (ARM) to inspect not only the sender IP but also the message content, embedded URLs and attachments. In addition, make sure you enable SPF, DKIM and DMARC advanced email authentication to identify and block spoofed emails and protect from spam and phishing attacks. For the best possible protection against such attacks, deploy SonicWall’s email security solution with Capture ATP service to inspect every email attachment in a multi-engine sandbox environment.

Apart from SonicWall security protections in place (listed above), as a best practice we recommend to disallow or block inbound SMB traffic (TCP 445, UDP ports 137-138, and TCP 139) and RDP traffic coming  from the internet on edge-facing Firewalls. If such access is required, implement secure remote access solutions like IPsec or SSL-VPN with proper authentication mechanisms in place.

Apply vulnerability patches on servers and PCs as recommended in Microsoft MS17-010 bulletin (listed above and below), disable SMBv1 communication (limit access via SMBv2/v3), as well as monitor for any suspicious activity on TCP 445.

Resources

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The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Ransomware Attacks

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In 2016, SonicWall detected a 600% growth in ransomware families. We saw a wide range of ransomware forms and attack vectors in the 2017 Annual Threat Report; some successful, others not so much.  So, what is at the core of any successful attack? If you understand the seven components of a ransomware campaign strategy, you can better defend yourself from one of the most pernicious forms of malware in history.

1. Intelligent target research

Any good scammer knows how to find the right people in an organization to target with the right message.  Hackers know that municipal and healthcare  are a ripe choice. Even though organizations are providing awareness education, people still click on cleverly created social media posts and emails. In addition to this, hackers can go to any public lead generation database and find the right set of victims for a phishing campaign.

2. Effective delivery

Since 65 percent of ransomware attacks happen through email, a scammer can easily send that infected attachment to someone in accounts payable claiming it is an unpaid invoice.  A similar attack brought BWL of Lansing, Michigan to its knees for two weeks and cost the utility provider around $2.4M USD. Secondly, developing sensationally titled social media posts with a farfetched photo are great at funneling people to infected web destinations, which make up roughly 35 percent of successful attacks.

3. Good code

Because companies are bolstering their security strategy, attackers should focus on ways of circumventing this.  First, aggressive hackers update their code frequently to get past signature-based counter-measures.  Second, the code should have several built-in evasion tactics to sneak past advanced defenses such as network sandboxes.  Cerber’s code provides a great example for other attackers to model. Malicious code authors are hoping the target does not deploy a multi-engine sandbox like SonicWall Capture Advanced Threat Protection, which is much more difficult to evade. Third, the code should worm from system to system to create as much havoc as possible and therefore increase the potential payoff.

4. Great understanding for infected systems

Any good hacker will know what he/she has infected and thereby ask for an appropriate ransom.  Endpoints such as a laptop are worth $1K, servers $5K and critical infrastructure as high as hundreds of thousands of dollars.  Hackers hope that their targets do not have segmented networks so they can infect multiple systems within a single attack. They also rely on inconsistent backups for a higher customer conversion rate.

5. Patience & persistence

In order for organizations to stay safe from an effective attack, they have to be right all the time.  For the attackers, they have to be right just once.  Although awareness, security, and consistent backups are the essential ingredients to ransomware defense, they are not perfect.  This is why good hackers keep trying, repackaging code into different delivery mechanisms and exploit kits.

6. Good customer support

The best ransomware variants have good customer support channels. Attackers use them to negotiate with victims and assure them that they will get their data back if they pay.

7. Good payment management

Although other ransomware variants have used other forms of payment, bitcoin is still the best choice. Bitcoin is easier to obtain and exchange, so ransomware attacks have a higher payout ratio against consumers with infected endpoints. To mitigate bitcoin wallet compromise, hackers will rotate the associated email address with a specific wallet, which also pressures victims to pay quicker.

I hope that you will be able to read these notes to understand what is in the mind of an attacker possibly targeting your industry or organization.  Use these tips to develop a good anti-ransomware and malware strategy.  For more information, please watch this webcast How To Protect Your Organization From Ransomware.

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CAPTURE MORE. FEAR LESS: SonicWall Capture ATP for Ransomware Prevention

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If you pictured a specific technology exemplified as an animal what would it be?  Cars have been visualized as horses and bulls and the names like Mustang, Pinto, and Taurus all ring a bell with us. We see this in cyber security as well.  We have worms, bugs, and Trojan [horses] (I know that’s a stretch).  If you picture ransomware viruses as malicious bugs then you would see Capture Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) as a spider.

Spiders are the perfect foe of bugs. They sit in wait within perfectly designed traps and focus their energy on processing their prey.  SonicWall Capture ATP, multi-engine cloud-based sandbox, does just that; as a network sandbox it awaits suspicious code in order to process it to see what it wants to do from the application, to the OS, to the software residing on the hardware. If you read up on Cerber ransomware, you will see one of the most advanced persistent threats known today.  You will see how it evades traditional security and employs evasion tactics to get around network sandboxes. Thanks to Capture ATP’s parallel processing multi-engine sandbox, catching Cerber is easily done.

Capture ATP is not only successful versus Cerber and other nasty forms of ransomware, but it also finds many other forms of malware too.  Last year, SonicWall detected over 60 million new and updated malware; that’s roughly two per second.  With that volume of malware being processed on a daily basis, it’s important to have a network sandbox in place to catch yet-to-be-discovered malware before it can make itself known by locking your desktops and encrypting your files.

Watch the video below to see how Solutions Granted, Inc., a Platinum Partner, CEO, Michael Crean, sees the benefits of using Capture ATP.